The FCI (International Cynological Federation) brings together within Group 5: Spitz-type and primitive-type dogs no less than 45 distinct breeds, themselves divided into several sections (7 in total). There are Nordic dogs (sled, hunting and guard), Spitz (European and Asian) as well as the famous primitive type dogs, especially hunting. Focus on these breeds that fascinate as much as they intrigue.
What is a primitive dog?
By definition, a primitive dog is a dog of an often very old breed, which has never (or very little) been modified by humans and which therefore retains its original physical or behavioral characteristics.
The perfect example of the primitive dog is the French Bulldog, which has undergone many genetic modifications to become the dog we know today.
In view of the classification established by the FCI, primitive type dogs (group 5 - sections 6 and 7) are ultimately few. These are the Basenji, the Podenco or even the Peruvian Hairless Dog. However, all dogs belonging to group 5 are commonly considered primitive dogs, ranging from the Siberian Husky to the German Spitz, including the Samoyed or the Shiba and the Akita.
Thus, even within what are called primitive dogs, there are many differences, whether behavioral (different instincts) or physical (coat, size, etc.).
What are the peculiarities of the primitive dog?
As mentioned above, within this group, each primitive breed will have its own particularities: the Icelandic Shepherd does not have the same instincts or physical characteristics as the Thai Ridgeback Dog for example
However, they can be distinguished from other “non-primitive” races by a few aspects:
Physical characteristics
Often from regions where the climatic conditions are quite extreme (whether the temperatures are very cold or very hot), these dogs are generally very resistant and robust.
But, there are so many primitive races that it is clearly not possible to list all their physical particularities, which are far from being all common.
Behavioral characteristics
This is where primitive dogs usually differ the most from other dogs. Indeed, primitive dogs are often seen as more difficult, more stubborn, more “everything” in truth.
Well, it's actually not very far from the truth because these dogs, not affected by genetic selections and modifications, have retained their instincts in a sometimes very marked way.
In fact, they are more independent, more suspicious, more predatory, more guardian, etc. And although they remain dogs, their behavior is often similar to that of wild canines such as wolves or even foxes for example.
However, remember that the behavioral characteristics of a dog are only very rarely innate, it is more through experience and experiences (good or bad) that an individual's personality is shaped.
How to educate a primitive dog?
These dogs are not to be put in the hands of just any master because, even if they remain dogs, their education requires a lot of patience, rigor and consistency to obtain results.
It is customary to say that primitive dogs, especially Nordic ones, are not kings of obedience. And indeed, you would never turn such a dog into a circus pooch. In reality, it is above all the quality of the relationship between a dog and his master that determines his good education.Indeed, for these dogs, the consistency of the master, his reliability and his assurance are essential aspects for them to cooperate.
" Primitive dogs must be educated with an iron fist in a velvet glove. Firmness, rigor and accuracy are the key words. The master of a primitive has no room for error because otherwise the dog loses confidence. And since he is very independent, he can easily adapt to a simple cohabitation with his master."
So of course, I'm caricaturing a bit because primitive dogs should in no way be reduced to insensitive dogs, not needing human contact to flourish: that's wrong. When they are confident, they are very pleasant companions and the master/dog bond is enriched.
In short: it can be long and tedious to establish a relationship of trust with a primitive dog, but when it's done: the interspecific complicity is extraordinary.Better to be patient, sure of yourself, firm and gentle at the same time to bring out the best in these dogs with their often strong character.
More concretely, these are dogs that educate themselves like the others in the sense that the classic educational bases must be integrated from an early age: walking on a leash, reminder, static positions, renunciation, etc. These are dogs that quickly understand what is expected of them if the methods used are respectful and consistent.
Adopt a primitive-type dog: precautions
I personally never had primitive dogs, but it seems that we love them or we hate them Their temperament is indeed not compatible with everyone.
If you are considering adopting one, find out about the characteristics of the breed you choose and do not hesitate to contact the breeders: they will be able to tell you if your living environment , your daily life and your personality correspond to the dog that interests you.
Besides, the biggest mistake to make is to want to adopt a primitive dog simply for its beauty. This is indeed often the case with dogs such as the Malamute, the Husky, the Volpino or even the Shiba Inu, etc.
Read also: Game of Thrones, the series that harms the HuskiesAlthough they are magnificent, they are not stuffed animals or trophies that we exhibit in our living room: it is important to take into account that these are dogs that will have to be spent, educated and socialized to integrate better into your home but also within society in general.
Furthermore, and finally, before adopting a primitive dog, be prepared for the fact that their natural instincts are often very marked and developed. For example, they are generally large predators that sometimes cannot be released in complete freedom anywhere. You must therefore also ask yourself what you expect from your future dog.On the other hand, if you are athletic: some primitive dogs will be absolutely delighted to accompany you on your outings, especially Nordic sled dogs.